English: Otto Struve's diploma of trainer at the workshop school of fine mechanics
Русский: Харьковское университетское удостоверение Отто Струве, в будущем известного американского астронома и астрофизика
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ru.wikipedia; scan from Балышев М. А. Отто Людвигович Струве. Документально-биографический очерк. К 200-летию Харьковского университета. // Университеты. Наука и просвещение № 3. — 2004. — С. 34.
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This usually means that one of the following conditions is fulfilled.
The author of this work died:[1]
(a) before January 1, 1942 or
(b) between January 1, 1942 and January 1, 1946, did not work during the Great Patriotic War and did not participate in it.
This work was originally published anonymously or under a pseudonym:
(a) before January 1, 1943 and the name of the author did not become known during 50 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, or
(b) between January 1, 1943 and January 1, 1946, and the name of the author did not become known during 70 years after publication, counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication.
This work is a film (a video fragment or a single shot from it):
(a) which was first shown before January 1, 1943[2] or
(b) which was created by legal entity between January 1, 1929 and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first shown in the stated period or was not shown until August 3, 1993.
This work is an information report (including photo report), which was created by an employee of TASS, ROSTA, or KarelfinTAG as part of that person’s official duties between July 10, 1925[3] and January 1, 1946, provided that it was first released in the stated period or was not released until August 3, 1993.
This work is in the public domain in the United States, because it was in the public domain in its home country (Russia) on the URAA date (January 1, 1996), and it wasn't re-published for 30 days following initial publications in the U.S.
[1] If the work was first published after the death of the author and the author of this work was not subjected to repression, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, provided that the work was published within 50 years after the death of the author who died before January 1, 1943, or within 70 years after the death of the author who died between January 1, 1943 years before January 1, 1946.
[2] If the author of this work was subjected to repression and rehabilitated posthumously, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of rehabilitation. If the work was first published after the posthumous rehabilitation of the author, copyright term is counted from January 1 of the year following the year of publication, provided that the work was published within 50 years after the posthumous rehabilitation of the author who was posthumously rehabilitated before January 1, 1943, or within 70 years after the posthumous rehabilitation of the author who rehabilitated posthumously between January 1, 1943 years before January 1, 1946. [3] Amateur films which were first shown on January 1, 1943 or later are subjects of points 1-2 of this template.
[4]ROSTA reports created before July 10, 1925 are subjects of points 1-2 of this template.
The Russian Federation (early Soviet Russia, RSFSR) is the historical heir but not legal successor of the Russian Empire, and the Russian Empire was not party to the Berne Convention (it was not country of Union for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works), so according to article 5 of the Convention this work has no country of origin except:
in the case of cinematographic work the maker of which has his headquarters or his habitual residence in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
in the case of architecture erected in a country of the Union or other artistic works incorporated in a building or other structure located in a country of the Union, the country of origin shall be that country,
in the case of other works if the author is a national of a country of the Union¹, the country of origin shall be that country.
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{{Information |Description=Otto Struve's diploma of trainer at the workshop school of fine mechanics |Source=ru.wikipedia; scan from Балышев М. А. Отто Людвигович Струве. Документально-биографический
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