The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem also known as the Armenian Patriarchate of St. James (Armenian: Առաքելական Աթոռ Սրբոց Յակովբեանց Յերուսաղեմ) is located in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. The Armenian Apostolic Church is officially recognised under Israel's confessional system, for the self-regulation of status issues, such as marriage and divorce.

Archbishop Nourhan Manougian, Grand Sacristan and Patriarchal Vicar of the Patriarchate, was elected as the 97th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem on January 24, 2013. Manougian succeeds Archbishop Torkom Manoogian, who died on October 12, 2012 after serving 22 years as the 96th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem. The Patriarch, along with a Synod of seven clergymen elected by the St. James Brotherhood, oversees the Patriarchate's operations.

As a result of the persecution of Armenians by Turkey during World War I, the Armenian population of Jerusalem reached 25,000 people. But political and economic instability in the region have decimated the number. In 2001, there were about 2,500 Armenians living in Jerusalem, most of them living in and around the Patriarchate at the St. James Monastery, which occupies most of the Armenian Quarter of the Old City. A few thousand live in Jaffa, Haifa and Nazareth, and only a handful in the Palestinian Territories. Most Armenians living previously in the West Bank, have left the country.