Etnik köken

Etnik köken veya etnik grup, kendilerini diğer gruplardan ayıran algılanan ortak nitelikler temelinde birbirleriyle özdeşleşen bir grup insandır. Etnik grupların paylaştığına inanılan nitelikler arasında dil, kültür, ortak atalar kümesi, gelenekler, toplum, din, tarih veya sosyal uygulamalar yer almaktadır.^[1]^[2] Etnik gruplar uzun vadede iç evlilik yoluyla korunur^[3] ve dar veya geniş bir genetik köken yelpazesine sahip olabilir; bazı gruplar karışık genetik kökene sahiptir.^[4]^[5]^[6] Etnik köken bazen, özellikle etnik milliyetçilik durumlarında, millet ile birbirinin yerine kullanılır. Ayrıca, tüm etnik gruplar kendilerini ırksal gruplar olarak tanımlamasa da, ırk ile birbirinin yerine kullanılır.^[7]

Kaynakça

^ Chandra, Kanchan (2012). Constructivist theories of ethnic politics. Oxford University Press. ss. 69-70. ISBN 978-0199893157. OCLC 829678440. 30 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Eylül 2020.
^ People, James; Bailey, Garrick (2010). Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. 9th. Wadsworth Cengage learning. s. 389. In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of 'us' and 'them'. In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population.
^ Katarina, Shyamal (2018). "Explaining Ethnicity: Primordialism vs. Instrumentalism". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. 5 (4) – ResearchGate vasıtasıyla.
^ "Insight into Ethnic Differences". National Institutes of Health (NIH) (İngilizce). 25 Mayıs 2015. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Ağustos 2021.
^ Banda, Yambazi; Kvale, Mark N.; Hoffmann, Thomas J.; Hesselson, Stephanie E.; Ranatunga, Dilrini; Tang, Hua; Sabatti, Chiara; Croen, Lisa A.; Dispensa, Brad P.; Henderson, Mary; Iribarren (1 Ağustos 2015). "Characterizing Race/Ethnicity and Genetic Ancestry for 100,000 Subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) Cohort". Genetics (İngilizce). 200 (4): 1285-1295. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.178616. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 4574246 . PMID 26092716. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi2 Ağustos 2021.
^ Salter, Frank; Harpending, Henry (1 Temmuz 2013). "J.P. Rushton's theory of ethnic nepotism". Personality and Individual Differences (İngilizce). 55 (3): 256-260. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.014. ISSN 0191-8869. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi2 Ağustos 2021.
^ Grosfoguel, Ramán (September 2004). "Race and Ethnicity or Racialized Ethnicities? Identities within Global Coloniality". Ethnicities. 315–336. 4 (3): 315. doi:10.1177/1468796804045237. 6 Şubat 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi6 Ağustos 2012.
^ roughly 300 million worldwide (CIA Factbook 2014 estimates, numbers subject to rapid population growth).

[:0-1] Chandra, Kanchan (2012). Constructivist theories of ethnic politics. Oxford University Press. ss. 69-70. ISBN 978-0199893157. OCLC 829678440. 30 Temmuz 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 11 Eylül 2020.

[2] People, James; Bailey, Garrick (2010). Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology. 9th. Wadsworth Cengage learning. s. 389. In essence, an ethnic group is a named social category of people based on perceptions of shared social experience or one's ancestors' experiences. Members of the ethnic group see themselves as sharing cultural traditions and history that distinguish them from other groups. Ethnic group identity has a strong psychological or emotional component that divides the people of the world into opposing categories of 'us' and 'them'. In contrast to social stratification, which divides and unifies people along a series of horizontal axes based on socioeconomic factors, ethnic identities divide and unify people along a series of vertical axes. Thus, ethnic groups, at least theoretically, cut across socioeconomic class differences, drawing members from all strata of the population.

[:3-3] Katarina, Shyamal (2018). "Explaining Ethnicity: Primordialism vs. Instrumentalism". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal. 5 (4) – ResearchGate vasıtasıyla.

[4] "Insight into Ethnic Differences". National Institutes of Health (NIH) (İngilizce). 25 Mayıs 2015. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2 Ağustos 2021.

[5] Banda, Yambazi; Kvale, Mark N.; Hoffmann, Thomas J.; Hesselson, Stephanie E.; Ranatunga, Dilrini; Tang, Hua; Sabatti, Chiara; Croen, Lisa A.; Dispensa, Brad P.; Henderson, Mary; Iribarren (1 Ağustos 2015). "Characterizing Race/Ethnicity and Genetic Ancestry for 100,000 Subjects in the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) Cohort". Genetics (İngilizce). 200 (4): 1285-1295. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.178616. ISSN 0016-6731. PMC 4574246 . PMID 26092716. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi2 Ağustos 2021.

[6] Salter, Frank; Harpending, Henry (1 Temmuz 2013). "J.P. Rushton's theory of ethnic nepotism". Personality and Individual Differences (İngilizce). 55 (3): 256-260. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.014. ISSN 0191-8869. 2 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi2 Ağustos 2021.

[Grosfoguel-7] Grosfoguel, Ramán (September 2004). "Race and Ethnicity or Racialized Ethnicities? Identities within Global Coloniality". Ethnicities. 315–336. 4 (3): 315. doi:10.1177/1468796804045237. 6 Şubat 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi6 Ağustos 2012.

[8] roughly 300 million worldwide (CIA Factbook 2014 estimates, numbers subject to rapid population growth).

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