Lahnda

Lahnda (/ˈlɑːndə/;^[1] لہندا ਲਰਿੰਦਾ), Lahndi veya Batı Pencapça olarak da bilinir,^[2] Pakistan ve Hindistan'ın bazı bölgelerinde konuşulan kuzeybatı Hint-Aryan dil çeşitlerinden oluşan bir gruptur. ISO 639 standardında "makro dil"^[3] veya diğer yazarlar tarafından "bir dizi lehçe" olarak tanımlanmıştır.^[4]^[a] Genetik bir gruplama olarak geçerliliği kesin değildir.^[4] "Lahnda" ve "Batı Pencapça" terimleri dilbilimciler tarafından kullanılan egzonimlerdir ve kendi lehçelerine atıfta bulunan konuşmacılar tarafından kullanılmazlar.^[4]

Notlar

^ Pencapça ve Masica (1991, ss. 23–27) Hint-Aryan dillerinde "dil" ve "lehçe" tanımlamalarının zorlukları için bkz. Shackle (1979).

Kaynakça

^ "Lahnda". Oxford English Dictionary (Çevrimiçi bas.). Oxford University Press. (Abonelik veya katılımcı kurum üyeliği gerekli.)
^ Zograph, G. A. (2023). "Chapter 3". Languages of South Asia: A Guide. Reprint. Taylor & Francis. s. 52. ISBN 9781000831597. LAHNDA – Lahnda (Lahndi) or Western Panjabi is the name given to a group of dialects spread over the northern half of Pakistan. In the north, they come into contact with the Dardic languages with which they share some common features, In the east, they turn gradually into Panjabi, and in the south into Sindhi. In the south-east there is a clearly defined boundary between Lahnda and Rajasthani, and in the west a similarly well-marked boundary between it and the Iranian languages Baluchi and Pushtu. The number of people speaking Lahnda can only be guessed at: it is probably in excess of 20 million.
^ Lahnda at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
^ ^a ^b ^c Masica 1991.

Bibliyografya

Javaid, Umbreen (2004). "Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab" (PDF). Journal of Research (Humanities). Lahore: Department of English Language & Literature, University of the Punjab. 40 (2): 45-55. (This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)
Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
Rahman, Tariq (1997). "Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan". Asian Survey. 37 (9): 833-839. doi:10.2307/2645700.
Shackle, Christopher (1977). "Siraiki: A Language Movement in Pakistan". Modern Asian Studies. 11 (3): 379-403. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00014190. ISSN 0026-749X.
Shackle, Christopher (1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab". Transactions of the Philological Society. 77 (1): 191-210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x. ISSN 0079-1636.

[5] Pencapça ve Masica (1991, ss. 23–27) Hint-Aryan dillerinde "dil" ve "lehçe" tanımlamalarının zorlukları için bkz. Shackle (1979).

[1] "Lahnda". Oxford English Dictionary (Çevrimiçi bas.). Oxford University Press. (Abonelik veya katılımcı kurum üyeliği gerekli.)

[2] Zograph, G. A. (2023). "Chapter 3". Languages of South Asia: A Guide. Reprint. Taylor & Francis. s. 52. ISBN 9781000831597. LAHNDA – Lahnda (Lahndi) or Western Panjabi is the name given to a group of dialects spread over the northern half of Pakistan. In the north, they come into contact with the Dardic languages with which they share some common features, In the east, they turn gradually into Panjabi, and in the south into Sindhi. In the south-east there is a clearly defined boundary between Lahnda and Rajasthani, and in the west a similarly well-marked boundary between it and the Iranian languages Baluchi and Pushtu. The number of people speaking Lahnda can only be guessed at: it is probably in excess of 20 million.

[e26-3] Lahnda at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)

[FOOTNOTEMasica1991-4] Masica 1991.

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