Stigand
Stigand | |
|---|---|
| Canterbury Başpiskoposu | |
 Bayeux İşlemesi'nde Stigand | |
| Atanma | 1052 |
| Dönem bitişi | 11 Nisan 1070 |
| Önce gelen | Jumiègesli Robert |
| Sonra gelen | Lanfranc |
| Diğer görevler | Elmham Piskoposu Winchester Piskoposu |
| Nişanlar | |
| Takdis | 1043 |
| Kişisel bilgiler | |
| Doğum | Stigand |
| Ölüm | 1072, tahminen 21 veya 22 Şubat |
| Mezarı | Old Minster, Winchester |
Stigand[a] (ö. 1072), Norman Fethi öncesinde İngiltere'de Canterbury Başpiskoposu olan Anglo-Sakson bir din adamıydı. Doğum tarihi bilinmemekle beraber 1020 yılına gelindiğinde kraliyet papazı ve danışmanı olarak görev yapıyordu. 1043'te Elmham Piskoposu seçildi ve daha sonra Winchester Piskoposu ve Canterbury Başpiskoposu oldu. Stigand, birkaç Anglo-Sakson ve Norman kraliyet hanedanı üyesi olan İngiltere hükümdarının danışmanıydı ve birbiri ardına altı krala hizmet etti. Winchester ve Canterbury'nin piskoposluğunu aynı anda elinde tutma konusundaki çoğulculuğu, kısaca aynı anda iki makamı birden elinde tutması nedeniyle birkaç papa tarafından aforoz edildi. En nihayetinde 1070 yılında tahttan indirildi ve mülklerine ve kişisel servetine Fatih William tarafından el konuldu. Stigand, Winchester'da hapsedildi ve burada öldü.
Notlar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]Kaynakça
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]Özel
Genel
- Barlow, Frank (1970). Edward the Confessor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
- Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church (Second bas.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49049-9.
- Barlow, Frank (1979). The English Church 1066–1154: A History of the Anglo-Norman Church. New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-50236-5.
- Barlow, Frank (1988). The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042–1216 (Fourth bas.). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-49504-0.
- Barlow, Frank (2003). The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty. Londra: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-78440-9.
- Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
- Blair, Peter Hunter (2003). An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-53777-0.
- Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (1988). The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-1386-6.
- Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. Londra: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0041-5.
- Chibnall, Marjorie (1986). Anglo-Norman England 1066–1166. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-15439-6.
- Coredon, Christopher (2007). A Dictionary of Medieval Terms & Phrases (Reprint bas.). Woodbridge, UK: D. S. Brewer. ISBN 978-1-84384-138-8.
- Cowdrey, H. E. J. (2004). "Stigand (d. 1072)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26523. (abonelik veya Birleşik Krallık halk kütüphanesi üyeliği gereklidir)
- Darlington, R. R. (July 1936). "Ecclesiastical Reform in the Late Old English Period". The English Historical Review. 51 (203): 385-428. doi:10.1093/ehr/LI.CCIII.385. JSTOR 553127.
- Dodwell, C.R. (1982). Anglo-Saxon Art, A New Perspective. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-0926-X.
- Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. OCLC 399137.
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Garnett, George (1986). "Coronation and Propaganda: Some Implications of the Norman Claim to the Throne of England in 1066". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. Fifth Series. 36: 91-116. doi:10.2307/3679061. JSTOR 3679061.
- Greenway, Diana E. (1971). "Canterbury: Archbishops". Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300. 2: Monastic Cathedrals (Northern and Southern Provinces). Institute for Historical Research. 9 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Haziran 2008.
- Higham, Nick (2000). The Death of Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2469-1.
- Hill, Paul (2005). The Road to Hastings: The Politics of Power in Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3308-3.
- Huscroft, Richard (2005). Ruling England 1042–1217. Londra: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
- John, Eric (1996). Reassessing Anglo-Saxon England. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-5053-7.
- Knowles, David (1976). The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216 (Second reprint bas.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-05479-6.
- Lawson, M. K. (2000). Cnut: England's Viking King. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-2964-7.
- Loyn, H. R. (2000). The English Church, 940–1154. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-582-30303-6.
- Mason, Emma (2004). House of Godwine: The History of Dynasty. Londra: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-389-1.
- Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (2012). "Image Making: Portraits of Anglo-Saxon Church Leaders". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ss. 109-127. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Powell, J. Enoch; Wallis, Keith (1968). The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540. Londra: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. OCLC 463626.
- Rex, Peter (2005). Harold II: The Doomed Saxon King. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7394-7185-2.
- Rumble, Alexander R. (2012). "From Winchester to Canterbury: Ælheah and Stigand – Bishops, Archbishops and Victims". Rumble, Alexander R. (Ed.). Leaders of the Anglo-Saxon Church: From Bede to Stigand. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 165-182. ISBN 978-1-84383-700-8.
- Smith, Mary Frances (1993). "Archbishop Stigand and the Eye of the Needle". Anglo-Norman Studies Volume 16. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ss. 199-219. ISBN 0-85115-366-6.
- Smith, Mary Frances; Fleming, Robin; Halpin, Patricia (October 2001). "Court and Piety in Late Anglo-Saxon England". The Catholic Historical Review. 87 (4): 569-602. doi:10.1353/cat.2001.0189. JSTOR 25026026.
- Stafford, Pauline (1997). Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-century England. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22738-5.
- Stafford, Pauline (1989). Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. Londra: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-6532-4.
- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Third bas.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Thomas, Hugh (2007). The Norman Conquest: England after William the Conqueror. Critical Issues in History. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3840-5.
- Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire, UK: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905778-46-4.
- Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Barlow, Frank (October 1958). "Two Notes: Cnut's Second Pilgrimage and Queen Emma's Disgrace in 1043". The English Historical Review. 73 (289): 649-656. doi:10.1093/ehr/LXXIII.289.649. JSTOR 557268.
- John, Eric (April 1979). "Edward the Confessor and the Norman Succession". The English Historical Review. 96 (371): 241-267. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCIV.CCCLXXI.241. JSTOR 566846.