Delaware dilleri
| Coğrafi dağılım | Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, modern zamanlarda Kanada Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Delaware ve Hudson nehirlerinin aşağı kesimlerinde; Kanada'da bir veya iki Munsee konuşmacısı; Oklahoma'da Unami grupları |
|---|---|
| Sınıflandırma | Algonkin-Yurok |
 Munsee bölgesi ve Unami lehçe bölümlerinin belirtildiği, Delaware topraklarının yerli sınırlarını gösteren harita | |
Delaware dilleri, Lenape dilleri olarak da bilinir (Delaware dilleri: Lënapei èlixsuwakàn),[1] Munsee ve Unami'den oluşmaktadır ve Algonkin dil ailesinin Doğu Algonkin alt grubunun iki yakın akraba dilidir. Munsee ve Unami, başlangıçta Lenape halkı tarafından, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki modern New York Şehri bölgesi civarında konuşuluyordu. Bu bölgeye Long Island'ın batısı, Manhattan Adası, Staten Adası ve anakaradaki bitişik alanlar da dahildir: güneydoğu New York Eyaleti, doğu Pensilvanya, New Jersey, Connecticut, Maryland ve Delaware.[2]
Kaynakça
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- ^ "The Lenape Talking Dictionary | Detailed Entry View - the Delaware language". www.talk-lenape.org. 13 Nisan 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 2024-07-15.
- ^ Goddard, Ives, 1978a, p. 213; Goddard, Ives, 1997, p. 43
Bibliyografya
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Blalock, Lucy; Pearson, Bruce; Rementer, James (1994). The Delaware Language. Bartlesville, OK: Delaware Tribe of Indians. OCLC 33431018.
- Brinton, Daniel G.; Anthony, Albert Seqaqkind (1888). A Lenâpé-English dictionary. From an anonymous manuscript in the archives of the Moravian Church at Bethlehem. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
- Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Delaware Nation Council (1992). Lunaapeew Dictionary. Basic Words. Part One. Moraviantown: Delaware Nation Council.
- Feister, Lois M. (1973). "Linguistic communication between the Dutch and Indians in New Netherland". Ethnohistory. 20: 25–38. doi:10.2307/481424. JSTOR 481424.
- Goddard, Ives (1971). "The ethnohistorical implications of early Delaware linguistic materials". Man in the Northeast. 1: 14–26.
- Goddard, Ives (1974a). "Dutch Loanwords in Delaware". Kraft, Herbert C. (Ed.). A Delaware Indian Symposium. Anthropological Series. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. ss. 153–160.
- Goddard, Ives (1974b). "The Delaware Language, Past and Present". Kraft, Herbert C. (Ed.). A Delaware Indian Symposium. Anthropological Series. 4. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. ss. 103–110.
- Goddard, Ives (1978a). "Delaware". Trigger, Bruce (Ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. 15: Northeast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ss. 213–239.
- Goddard, Ives (1978b). "Eastern Algonquian Languages". Trigger, Bruce (Ed.). Handbook of North American Indians. 15: Northeast. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ss. 70–77.
- Goddard, Ives (1979a). "Comparative Algonquian". Campbell, Lyle; Mithun, Marianne (Ed.). The languages of Native America. Austin: University of Texas Press. ss. 70–132.
- Goddard, Ives (1979b). Delaware verbal morphology: A descriptive and comparative study. New York: Garland. ISBN 0824096851.
- Goddard, Ives (1994). Cowan, William (Ed.). "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialectology". Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference. Ottawa: Carleton University. 25: 187–211.
- Goddard, Ives (1995). "The Delaware Jargon". Hoffecker, Carol E.; Waldron, Richard; Williams, Lorraine E.; Benson, Barbara E. (Ed.). New Sweden in America. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ss. 137–149.
- Goddard, Ives (1996). "Introduction". Goddard, Ives (Ed.). The Handbook of North American Indians. 17: Languages. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. ss. 1–16.
- Goddard, Ives (2008). Hele, Karl; Darnell, Regna (Ed.). "Notes on Mahican". Papers of the 39th Algonquian Conference. London, ON: University of Western Ontario: 246–315. ISSN 0831-5671.
- Kraft, Herbert (1986a). "Settlement Patterns in the Upper Delaware Valley". Custer, Jay F. (Ed.). Late Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region. Newark: University of Delaware Press. ss. 102–115.
- Kraft, Herbert (1986b). The Lenape: Archaeology, History, and Ethnography. Newark: New Jersey Historical Society.
- "Lenape Talking Dictionary". Delaware Tribe of Indians. 14 Eylül 2025 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: April 19, 2009.
- Mithun, Marianne (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Family Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- O'Meara, John (1996). Delaware/English - English/Delaware Dictionary. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
- Pearson, Bruce (1988). A Grammar of Delaware: Semantics, Morpho-Syntax, Lexicon, Phonology. Dewey, OK: Touching Leaves Indian Crafts.
- Pentland, David (1992). "Mahican historical phonology". Masthay, Carl (Ed.). Schmick's Mahican Dictionary. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ss. 15–27.
- Thomason, Sarah Grey (1980). "On interpreting the 'Indian Interpreter'". Language in Society. 9 (2): 167–193. doi:10.1017/S0047404500008046.
- Zeisberger, David (1887). Horsford, Ebenezer N. (Ed.). Zeisberger's Indian Dictionary, English, German, Iroquois — the Onondaga, and Algonquin — the Delaware. Cambridge, MA: John Wilson.
- Zeisberger, David (1827). Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen (Ed.). Grammar of the language of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians. Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen tarafından çevrildi. Philadelphia: J. Kay, Jun.
Dış bağlantılar
[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]- Delaware (Lenape) Tribe of Indians
- Delaware Nation of Oklahoma
- Lenape Talking Dictionary
- History of our lord and saviour Jesus Christ Translation of the Gospels into the Delaware language. Printed by Jotham Meeker, Shawnee Baptist Mission.
