Caen Muharebesi

Caen Muharebesi
	II. Dünya Savaşı Batı Cephesi
	; Caen Muharebesi
Tarih	6 Haziran 1944 – 8 Ağustos 1944
Bölge	Caen, Calvados, Normandiya, Fransa
Sonuç	Müttefiklerin zaferi
Taraflar
Birleşik Krallık; Kanada; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri; Polonya	Almanya
Komutanlar ve liderler
Bernard Montgomery; Miles Dempsey; Richard O'Connor; Guy Simonds	Gerd von Rundstedt; Erwin Rommel; Günther von Kluge; Edgar Feuchtinger; Friedrich Dollmann; Paul Hausser; Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg; Sepp Dietrich; Heinrich Eberbach
Güçler
2. Ordu; 1. Kolordu; 8. Kolordu; 12. Kolordu; 30. Kolordu; *2. Kanada Kolordusu; RAF; USSAF; 3 Zırhlı Tümen; 11 Piyade Tümeni; 5 Zırhlı Tugay; 3 Tank Tugayı	5. Panzer Ordusu; 1. SS Panzer Kolordusu; 2. SS Panzer Kolordusu; 47. Panzer Kolordusu; 86. Kolordu; 7 Piyade Tümeni; 8 Panzer Tümeni; 4 ağır tank taburu
Kayıplar
50.539 kayıp	Similar to allied casualties; 550 kayıp tank

Caen Muharebesi, Normandiya Çıkarması'nın ardından 1944 yılının Haziran - Ağustos aylarında Fransa'nın Caen şehri ve etrafında Müttefik Devletler (öncelikle Britanya ve Kanada birlikleri) ile Nazi Almanyası birlikleri arasında meydana gelen muharebe.

Başlangıçta müttefikler çıkarma gününde Normandiya'nın en büyük şehirlerinden biri olan Fransız şehri Caen'i almayı hedefledi. Caen, birkaç sebep için hayati bir amaçtı.

Çıkarma gününde (Normandiya Çıkarması)'nda, Caen İngiliz 3. piyade Tümeni için bir objektifti ve Haziran-Temmuz ayı boyunca muharebelerin ve Ağustos'a ayı için bir odak noktası olarak kaldı.

6 Haziran 1944'te müttefik kuvvetler, Normandiya Çıkarmasını başlatarak Fransa'yı istila etti. Birkaç bin geminin kuvvetiyle Normandiya'da plajlara aniden saldırıldı ve yaklaşık olarak 3,000 uçak bu saldırıyı destekledi. Çıkarma günü sahanlıkları genellikle başarılıydı ama müttefik kuvvetler almayı planladıkları Caen'i ele geçiremedi.

Not

^ Not including the 79. Zırhlı Tümen, which never acted as a single formation.^[1] The 3 divisions are as follows: Guards Armoured Division, 7th Armoured Division and the 11th Armoured Division.^[2]
^ The following divisions all played a role in the battle for the city of Caen: 3rd Infantry Division, 6th Airborne Division, 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division, 59th(Staffordshire) Infantry Division, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division and the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division.^[3]
^ The 4th, 8th, 27th, 33rd Armoured Brigade^[4] and the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade^[5]
^ The 6th Guards Tank Brigade, 31st and 34th Tank Brigades^[4]
^ The following infantry divisions took part in the battle for Caen, although not all of them at the same time: 16th Luftwaffe Field Division, 272nd Infantry Division, 276th Infantry Division, 277th Infantry Division, 346th Infantry Division, 711th Infantry Division and the 716th Infantry Division.^[6]
^ Total casualties, all arms, all ranks. Casualty figure is for all forces within 21st Army Group, including those fighting outside of the Battle for Caen for example Operation Bluecoat, from 6 June until 7 August. The casualty source excludes Machine Gun, Motor, Air Landing, Paratrooper and Glider Pilot personnel.^[8]
^ "It is safe to say that at least 550 of the 750 tanks destroyed in Normandy by this date [the end of July] met their fate on the Caen front."

Kaynakça

Özel

^ Buckley, p. 13
^ Trew, p. 55
^ Clark, p. 14, 35; Ellis, p. 79; Jackson, p. 54; Trew, p. 54
^ ^a ^b Fortin, pp. 44, 52, 58, 64, 69, 74
^ Buckley, p. 19
^ Ellis, pp. 288 (map), 334, 378 (map), 350 (map); Jackson, pp. 60–61; Wilmot, p. 204 (map)
^ Wilmot, P. 363
^ Hart, p. 47
^ "Archives Normandie". 1 Mayıs 2005 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Eylül 2009.

Genel

Buckley, John (2006) [2004]. British Armour in the Normandy Campaign 1944. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-41540-773-7. OCLC 154699922.
Clark, Lloyd (2004). Operation Epsom. Battle Zone Normandy. The History Press Ltd. ISBN 0-75093-008-X.
Ellis, Major L.F.; with Allen, Captain G.R.G. Allen; Warhurst, Lieutenant-Colonel A.E.; Robb, Air Chief-Marshal Sir James (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO, 1962]. Butler, J.R.M (Ed.). Victory in the West, Volume I: The Battle of Normandy. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval & Military Press Ltd. ISBN 1-84574-058-0. OCLC 276814706.
Fortin, Ludovic (2004). British Tanks In Normandy. Histoire & Collections. ISBN 2-91523-933-9.
Hart, Stephen Ashley (2007) [2000]. Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944-45. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-81173-383-1. OCLC 70698935.
Jackson, G.S. (2006) [1945]. 8 Corps: Normandy to the Baltic. Smalldale: MLRS Books. ISBN 978-1-905696-25-3.
Shulman, Milton (2004) [1947]. Defeat in the West. Cassell. ISBN 03-0436-603-X.
Trew, Simon; Badsey, Stephen (2004). Battle for Caen. Battle Zone Normandy. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-75093-010-1. OCLC 56759608.
Wilmot, Chester (1997) [1952]. The Struggle For Europe. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions Ltd. ISBN 1-85326-677-9. OCLC 39697844.

Wikimedia Commons'ta Caen Muharebesi ile ilgili ortam dosyaları mevcuttur.

[3] Not including the 79. Zırhlı Tümen, which never acted as a single formation.^[1] The 3 divisions are as follows: Guards Armoured Division, 7th Armoured Division and the 11th Armoured Division.^[2]

[5] The following divisions all played a role in the battle for the city of Caen: 3rd Infantry Division, 6th Airborne Division, 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, 49th (West Riding) Infantry Division, 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division, 59th(Staffordshire) Infantry Division, 2nd Canadian Infantry Division and the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division.^[3]

[8] The 4th, 8th, 27th, 33rd Armoured Brigade^[4] and the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade^[5]

[9] The 6th Guards Tank Brigade, 31st and 34th Tank Brigades^[4]

[11] The following infantry divisions took part in the battle for Caen, although not all of them at the same time: 16th Luftwaffe Field Division, 272nd Infantry Division, 276th Infantry Division, 277th Infantry Division, 346th Infantry Division, 711th Infantry Division and the 716th Infantry Division.^[6]

[14] Total casualties, all arms, all ranks. Casualty figure is for all forces within 21st Army Group, including those fighting outside of the Battle for Caen for example Operation Bluecoat, from 6 June until 7 August. The casualty source excludes Machine Gun, Motor, Air Landing, Paratrooper and Glider Pilot personnel.^[8]

[15] "It is safe to say that at least 550 of the 750 tanks destroyed in Normandy by this date [the end of July] met their fate on the Caen front."

[1] Buckley, p. 13

[2] Trew, p. 55

[4] Clark, p. 14, 35; Ellis, p. 79; Jackson, p. 54; Trew, p. 54

[Fortin1-6] Fortin, pp. 44, 52, 58, 64, 69, 74

[7] Buckley, p. 19

[10] Ellis, pp. 288 (map), 334, 378 (map), 350 (map); Jackson, pp. 60–61; Wilmot, p. 204 (map)

[Pg363-12] Wilmot, P. 363

[Hart47-13] Hart, p. 47

[16] "Archives Normandie". 1 Mayıs 2005 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Eylül 2009.

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