William Knowles - Vikipedi

William Standish Knowles

Doğum	1 Haziran 1917(1917-06-01) Taunton, Massachusetts, ABD
Ölüm	13 Haziran 2012 (95 yaşında)
Milliyet	ABD
Eğitim	Columbia Üniversitesi Harvard Üniversitesi
Ödüller	Nobel Kimya Ödülü (2001)

Kariyeri
Dalı	Kimya
Çalıştığı kurumlar	Thomas and Hochwalt Laboratories Monsanto Company
Doktora danışmanı	Robert Elderfield

William Standish Knowles (1 Haziran 1917, Taunton, Massachusetts - 13 Haziran 2012), Amerikalı kimyager.

2001 yılında, Ryoji Noyori ve K. Barry Sharpless ile birlikte, Nobel Kimya Ödülü'nü kazanmıştır. Knowles, L-DOPA'nın enetioselektif sentezinde etkili kiral fosfamin ligandlar geliştiren araştırmacılardandır.^[1]^[2] Günümüzde St. Louis, Missouri'de ikamet etmektedir.

Kaynakça

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^ Vineyard, B. D.; Knowles, W. S.; Sabacky, M. J.; Bachman, G. L.; Weinkauff, D. J. (1977). "Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Rhodium Chiral Bisphosphine Catalyst". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 99 (18). ss. 5946-5952. doi:10.1021/ja00460a018.
^ Knowles, W. S. (2002). "Asymmetric Hydrogenations (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Cilt 41. ss. 1998-2007. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20020617)41:12<1998::AID-ANIE1998>3.0.CO;2-8.

Dış bağlantılar

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Nobel Vakfı websitesindeki biyografisi 22 Mart 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (İngilizce)
Knowles'ın Nobel Konuşması: Asymmetric Hydrogenations 26 Mart 2009 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. (İngilizce)

g t d Nobel Kimya Ödülü sahipleri
1901-1925	Jacobus van 't Hoff (1901) Emil Fischer (1902) Svante Arrhenius (1903) William Ramsay (1904) Adolf von Baeyer (1905) Henri Moissan (1906) Eduard Buchner (1907) Ernest Rutherford (1908) Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) Otto Wallach (1910) Marie Curie (1911) Victor Grignard / Paul Sabatier (1912) Alfred Werner (1913) Theodore Richards (1914) Richard Willstätter (1915) 1916 1917 Fritz Haber (1918) 1919 Walther Nernst (1920) Frederick Soddy (1921) Francis Aston (1922) Fritz Pregl (1923) 1924 Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926-1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) Heinrich Wieland (1927) Adolf Windaus (1928) Arthur Harden / Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) Hans Fischer (1930) Carl Bosch / Friedrich Bergius (1931) Irving Langmuir (1932) 1933 Harold Urey (1934) Frédéric Joliot-Curie / Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) Peter Debye (1936) Norman Haworth / Paul Karrer (1937) Richard Kuhn (1938) Adolf Butenandt / Lavoslav Ružička (1939) 1940 1941 1942 George de Hevesy (1943) Otto Hahn (1944) Artturi Virtanen (1945) James Sumner / John Northrop / Wendell Stanley (1946) Robert Robinson (1947) Arne Tiselius (1948) William Giauque (1949) Otto Diels / Kurt Alder (1950)
1951-1975	Edwin McMillan / Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) Archer Martin / Richard Synge (1952) Hermann Staudinger (1953) Linus Pauling (1954) Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) Cyril Hinshelwood / Nikolay Semyonov (1956) Alexander Todd (1957) Frederick Sanger (1958) Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) Willard Libby (1960) Melvin Calvin (1961) Max Perutz / John Kendrew (1962) Karl Ziegler / Giulio Natta (1963) Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) Robert Woodward (1965) Robert S. Mulliken (1966) Manfred Eigen / Ronald Norrish / George Porter (1967) Lars Onsager (1968) Derek Barton / Odd Hassel (1969) Luis Leloir (1970) Gerhard Herzberg (1971) Christian Anfinsen / Stanford Moore / William Stein (1972) Ernst Otto Fischer / Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) Paul Flory (1974) John Cornforth / Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976-2000	William Lipscomb (1976) Ilya Prigogine (1977) Peter Mitchell (1978) Herbert Brown / Georg Wittig (1979) Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger (1980) Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann (1981) Aaron Klug (1982) Henry Taube (1983) Bruce Merrifield (1984) Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle (1985) Dudley Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi (1986) Donald Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles Pedersen (1987) Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel (1988) Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech (1989) Elias Corey (1990) Richard Ernst (1991) Rudolph Marcus (1992) Kary Mullis / Michael Smith (1993) George Olah (1994) Paul Crutzen / Mario Molina / Sherwood Rowland (1995) Robert Curl / Harry Kroto / Richard Smalley (1996) Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Skou (1997) Walter Kohn / John Pople (1998) Ahmed Zewail (1999) Alan Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001-günümüz	William Knowles / Ryōji Noyori / Barry Sharpless (2001) John Fenn / Koichi Tanaka / Kurt Wüthrich (2002) Peter Agre / Roderick MacKinnon (2003) Aaron Ciechanover / Avram Hershko / Irwin Rose (2004) Robert Grubbs / Richard Schrock / Yves Chauvin (2005) Roger Kornberg (2006) Gerhard Ertl (2007) Osamu Shimomura / Martin Chalfie / Roger Tsien (2008) Venkatraman Ramakrishnan / Thomas A. Steitz / Ada Yonath (2009) Richard Heck / Akira Suzuki / Ei-ichi Negishi (2010) Dan Şehtman (2011) Robert Lefkowitz / Brian Kobilka (2012) Martin Karplus / Michael Levitt / Arieh Warshel (2013) Eric Betzig / Stefan Hell / William Moerner (2014) Tomas Lindahl / Paul Modrich / Aziz Sancar (2015) Jean-Pierre Sauvage / Fraser Stoddart / Bernard L. Feringa (2016) Jacques Dubochet / Joachim Frank / Richard Henderson (2017) Frances Arnold / Gregory Winter / George Smith (2018) John Goodenough / Stanley Whittingham / Akira Yoshino (2019) Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna (2020) David MacMillan / Benjamin List (2021) Carolyn R. Bertozzi / Morten Meldal / Barry Sharpless (2022) Moungi Bawendi / Louis Brus / Aleksey Yekimov (2023) David Baker / Demis Hassabis / John M. Jumper (2024) Omar M. Yaghi / Richard Robson / Susumu Kitagawa (2025)