Robert Altman

Robert Altman
Robert Altman
Doğum	Robert Bernard Altman; 20 Şubat 1925; Kansas City, Missouri, ABD
Ölüm	20 Kasım 2006 (81 yaşında); Los Angeles, ABD
Meslek	Yönetmen
Etkin yıllar	1947-2006
Evlilik	LaVonne Elmer (1946-1951) ; Lotus Corelli (1954-1957) ; Kathryn Reed (1959-2006)
Çocuk(lar)	Christine Altman (1947) ; Mike Altman (1955) ; Stephen Altman (1957); Robert Reed Altman (1960) ; Matthew R. Altman (1966)

Robert Altman, (d. 20 Şubat 1925, Kansas City; ö. 20 Kasım 2006), Amerikalı yönetmen.

Robert Altman, lisedeyken basit kayıt cihazlarıyla ses kayıtları yaparak "show dünyası"na adımını atmış... Molotofkokteyli atarken de yakalanmıştır. Kanarya Mahallesinin gülüdür. Daha sonra askeri okula devam eden ve II. Dünya Savaşı'nda yardımcı pilot olarak görev yaptıktan sonra 1950'li yıllarda çalıştığı küçük şirkette belgesel, eğitim ve reklam filmleri çekerek sinema hakkında ilk bilgilerini elde eden Altman'a, 1955'te başlayan dönemde bir dizi bağımsız filmin ardından Alfred Hitchcock şans vermiş ve yönetmen, televizyon için çalışmaya başlamış. 1969'da Kore Savaşı'nda bir sağlık biriminin öyküsünü anlattığı "M.A.S.H."i yönetmesi için teklif gelince ilk önemli başarısını ve ilk Oscar adaylığını kazanan Altman, "McCabe & Mrs. Miller"da western türüne yenilik getirirken, "The Long Goodbye" ile prestijini arttırmış.

"Images", "Thieves Like Us" ve "California Split", onun öyküleme tekniklerinin oturmasını sağlarken, "Nashville" bizi, Amerikan country müziğinin kalbinin attığı yere götürüyor ve Amerika'daki mozaiğin bir kesitini alıyordu. Bir Oscar adaylığı daha kazanan Altman daha sonra "Sitting Bull's History Lesson", "3 Women" ve "A Wedding"e imza atacaktı. "A Perfect Couple", "Quintet" ve "H.E.A.L.T.H", Altman'ın popülarizmden uzaklaştığı filmler oldular. Altman'ın ticari yola dönme çabası "Popeye" ise hüsranla sonuçlandı.

1980'ler Altman sinemasının sönük geçtiği yıllar oldu. 1992'de ise Altman, yeniden ilgi odağı olacaktı. Michael Tolkin'in romanından uyarlanan "The Player - Oyuncu" ona yıllar sonra bir Oscar adaylığı ve Cannes Film Festivali'nde en iyi yönetmen ödülünü getirdi. "Oyuncu"yu Raymond Carver'ın öykülerinden uyarlanan 3 saatlik "Short Cuts - Sosyeteden İnsan manzaraları" izlerken, Altman 4. kez en iyi yönetmen Oscar'ına aday gösterilecektir. Moda dünyasına daldığı "Prêt-à-Porter - Hazır Giyim"i Paris'te çeken Altman, 1996'da doğduğu şehir olan "Kansas City"ye döndü. 1998'de "The Gingerbread Man - Kaybetme Zamanı"yla polisiye türüne bir saygı duruşunda bulunurken, 1999'da "Cookie's Fortune - Kurabiyenin Talihi" ve 2000'de de "Dr. T & The Women - Dr. T. ve Kadınları"na imza attı.

Altman, dev kadrolu filmlerin ("Brewster McCloud", "Nashville", "A Wedding") yanı sıra, tek oyunculu filmler ("Secret Honor") de yönetti; "M*A*S*H" ve "California Split"te erkek dostluklarını ele alırken, "Images", "Three Women" ve "Come Back To The Five and Dime"da kadın duyarlılığına şapka çıkardı. "McCabe & Mrs. Miller"da western türüne hayat verirken, "The Long Goodbye" ve "The Gingerbread Man - Kaybetme Zamanı"nda dedektif filmlerine, "Vincent & Theo"da biyografik filmlere göz kırptı. Tür denemelerinden "Popeye" ile çizgi-roman sınırlarına ulaşırken, "Streamers" ve "Fool For Love - Aşk Delisi"nde tiyatro, "Aria"da opera ve "Tanner '88"de çağdaş politikaya daldı.

Filmografi

Dr. T and the Women - Dr. T Ve Kadınları (2000)
Cookie's Fortune - Kurabiyenin talihi (1999)
The Gingerbread Man - Kaybetme Zamanı (1998)
Jazz '34 (1996)
Kansas City (1996)
Prêt-à-Porter - Hazır Giyim (1994)
Black and Blue (1993)
Short Cuts -Sosyeteden İnsan Manzaraları (1993)
The Player - Oyuncu (1992)
Vincent & Theo (1990)
Aria (1987)
Beyond Therapy (1987)
Fool for Love - Aşk Delisi (1985)
O.C. & Stiggs (1985)
Secret Honor (1984)
Streamers (1983)
Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (1982)
Popeye (1980)
H.E.A.L.T.H. (1979)
A Perfect Couple (1979)
Quintet (1979)
A Wedding (1978)
3 Women (Üç Kadın) (1977)
Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson (1976)
Nashville (1975)
California Split (1974)
Thieves Like Us (1974)
Long Goodbye, The (1973)
Images (1972)
McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971)
Brewster McCloud (1970)
MASH (1970)
That Cold Day in the Park (1969)
Countdown (1968)
Katherine Reed Story, The (1965)
Pot au feu (1965)
United States Marshal (1959)
The James Dean Story (1957)
The Delinquents (1957)
The Perfect Crime (1955)
Better Football (1954)
The Builders (1954)
The Last Mile (1953)
King Basketball (1952)
Modern Football (1951)

Kaynakça

Yeres, Artun (derleyen) (2004). "Göstermenin Sorumluluğu". İstanbul: Donkişot Yayınları. s. 17. ISBN 975-6511-25-7

g t d Robert Altman'ın yönettiği filmler
1950'ler	The Delinquents (1957)
1960'lar	Countdown (1968) · That Cold Day in the Park (1969)
1970'ler	Cephede Eğlence (1970) · Brewster McCloud (1971) · McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971) · Images (1972) · The Long Goodbye (1973) · Thieves Like Us (1974) · California Split (1974) · Nashville (1975) · Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson (1976) · 3 Women (1977) · Bir Düğün (1978) · Quintet (1979) · A Perfect Couple (1979)
1980'ler	HealtH (1980) · Popeye (1980) · Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean (1982) · Streamers (1983) · Secret Honor (1984) · O.C. and Stiggs (1984) · Fool for Love (1985) · Beyond Therapy (1987)
1990'lar	Vincent & Theo (1990) · The Player (1992) · Short Cuts (1993) · Prêt-à-Porter (1994) · Kansas City (1996) · The Gingerbread Man (1998) · Cookie's Fortune (1999)
2000'er	Dr. T ve Kadınları (2000) · Gosford Parkı (2001) · The Company (2003) · A Prairie Home Companion (2006)

g t d Cannes Film Festivali En İyi Yönetmen Ödülü
1946-1959	René Clément (1946) René Clément (1949) Luis Buñuel (1951) Christian-Jaque (1952) Jules Dassin / Sergei Vasilyev (1955) Sergey Yutkeviç (1956) Robert Bresson (1957) Ingmar Bergman (1958) François Truffaut (1959)
1960-1979	Yuliya Solntseva (1961) Liviu Ciulei (1965) Sergey Yutkeviç (1966) Ferenc Kósa (1967) Glauber Rocha / Vojtěch Jasný (1969) John Boorman (1970) Miklós Jancsó (1972) Michel Brault / Costa-Gavras (1975) Ettore Scola (1976) Nagisa Ōshima (1978) Terrence Malick (1979)
1980-1999	Werner Herzog (1982) Robert Bresson / Andrey Tarkovski (1983) Bertrand Tavernier (1984) André Téchiné (1985) Martin Scorsese (1986) Wim Wenders (1987) Fernando Solanas (1988) Emir Kusturica (1989) Pavel Lungin (1990) Joel Coen (1991) Robert Altman (1992) Mike Leigh (1993) Nanni Moretti (1994) Mathieu Kassovitz (1995) Joel Coen (1996) Wong Kar-wai (1997) John Boorman (1998) Pedro Almodóvar (1999)
2000-günümüz	Edward Yang (2000) Joel Coen / David Lynch (2001) Im Kwon-taek / Paul Thomas Anderson (2002) Gus Van Sant (2003) Tony Gatlif (2004) Michael Haneke (2005) Alejandro González Iñárritu (2006) Julian Schnabel (2007) Nuri Bilge Ceylan (2008) Brillante Mendoza (2009) Mathieu Amalric (2010) Nicolas Winding Refn (2011) Carlos Reygadas (2012) Amat Escalante (2013) Bennett Miller (2014) Hou Hsiao-hsien (2015) Olivier Assayas / Cristian Mungiu (2016) Sofia Coppola (2017) Paweł Pawlikowski (2018) Jean-Pierre ve Luc Dardenne (2019) Leos Carax (2021) Park Chan-wook (2022) Tran Anh Hung (2023) Miguel Gomes (2024) Kleber Mendonça Filho (2025)

g t d En İyi Sinema Filmi Altın Küre Ödülü - Müzikal veya Komedi (Yapımcı)
1950'ler	An American in Paris – Vincente Minnelli ve Arthur Freed (1951) With a Song in My Heart – Walter Lang and Lamar Trotti (1952) Ödül verilmedi (1953) Carmen Jones – Otto Preminger (1954) Guys and Dolls – Joseph L. Mankiewicz ve Samuel Goldwyn (1955) The King and I – Walter Lang, Charles Brackett, ve Darryl F. Zanuck (1956) Les Girls – George Cukor, Saul Chaplin, ve Sol C. Siegel (1957) Gigi – Vincente Minnelli ve Arthur Freed / Auntie Mame – Morton DaCosta (1958) Porgy and Bess – Otto Preminger ve Samuel Goldwyn / Some Like It Hot – Billy Wilder (1959)
1960'lar	Song Without End – George Cukor, Charles Vidor, ve William Goetz / The Apartment – Billy Wilder (1960) West Side Story – Jerome Robbins ve Robert Wise / A Majority of One – Mervyn LeRoy (1961) The Music Man – Morton DaCosta / That Touch of Mink – Delbert Mann, Robert Arthur, Martin Melcher, Edward Muhl, ve Stanley Shapiro (1962) Tom Jones – Tony Richardson, Michael Balcon, Michael Holden, ve Oscar Lewenstein (1963) My Fair Lady – George Cukor ve Jack L. Warner (1964) The Sound of Music – Robert Wise (1965) The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming – Norman Jewison (1966) The Graduate – Mike Nichols, Joseph E. Levine, ve Lawrence Turman (1967) Oliver! – Carol Reed ve John Woolf (1968) The Secret of Santa Vittoria – Stanley Kramer ve George Glass (1969)
1970'ler	MASH* – Robert Altman ve Ingo Preminger (1970) Fiddler on the Roof – Norman Jewison (1971) Cabaret – Bob Fosse ve Cy Feuer (1972) American Graffiti – George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola, ve Gary Kurtz (1973) The Longest Yard – Robert Aldrich ve Albert S. Ruddy (1974) The Sunshine Boys – Herbert Ross ve Ray Stark (1975) A Star Is Born – Frank Pierson ve Jon Peters (1976) The Goodbye Girl – Herbert Ross ve Ray Stark (1977) Heaven Can Wait – Warren Beatty ve Buck Henry (1978) Breaking Away – Peter Yates ve Steve Tesich (1979)
1980'ler	Coal Miner's Daughter – Michael Apted ve Bernard Schwartz (1980) Arthur – Steve Gordon (1981) Tootsie – Sydney Pollack ve Dick Richards (1982) Yentl – Barbra Streisand, Larry DeWaay, ve Rusty Lemorande (1983) Romancing the Stone – Robert Zemeckis ve Michael Douglas (1984) Prizzi's Honor – John Huston ve John Foreman (1985) Hannah and Her Sisters – Woody Allen ve Robert Greenhut (1986) Hope and Glory – John Boorman ve Michael Dryhurst (1987) Working Girl – Mike Nichols ve Douglas Wick (1988) Driving Miss Daisy – Bruce Beresford, Lili Fini Zanuck, ve Richard D. Zanuck (1989)
1990'lar	Green Card – Peter Weir (1990) Beauty and the Beast – Gary Trousdale, Kirk Wise, ve Don Hahn (1991) The Player – Robert Altman, David Brown, Michael Tolkin, ve Nick Wechsler (1992) Mrs. Doubtfire – Chris Columbus, Marsha Garces, Mark Radcliffe, ve Robin Williams (1993) The Lion King – Roger Allers, Rob Minkoff, ve Don Hahn (1994) Babe – Chris Noonan, Catherine Barber, Philip Hearnshaw, Bill Miller, George Miller, Doug Mitchell, ve Daphne Paris (1995) Evita – Alan Parker ve Robert Stigwood (1996) As Good as It Gets – James L. Brooks, Bridget Johnson, ve Kristi Zea (1997) Shakespeare in Love – John Madden, Donna Gigliotti, Marc Norman, David Parfitt, Harvey Weinstein, ve Edward Zwick (1998) Toy Story 2 – John Lasseter, Karen Robert Jackson, ve Helene Plotkin (1999)
2000'ler	Almost Famous – Cameron Crowe ve Ian Bryce (2000) Moulin Rouge! – Baz Luhrmann, Fred Baron, ve Martin Brown (2001) Chicago – Rob Marshall, Meryl Poster, Martin Richards, Bob Weinstein, Harvey Weinstein, ve Craig Zadan (2002) Lost in Translation – Sofia Coppola ve Ross Katz (2003) Sideways – Alexander Payne ve Michael London (2004) Walk the Line – James Mangold, James Keach, ve Cathy Konrad (2005) Dreamgirls – Bill Condon ve Laurence Mark (2006) Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street – Tim Burton, John Logan, Laurie MacDonald, Walter F. Parkes, ve Richard D. Zanuck (2007) Vicky Cristina Barcelona – Woody Allen, Letty Aronson, Jaume Roures, Stephen Tenenbaum, ve Gareth Wiley (2008) The Hangover – Todd Phillips ve Daniel Goldberg (2009)
2010'lar	The Kids Are All Right – Lisa Cholodenko, Gary Gilbert, Jeff Levy-Hinte, ve Celine Rattray (2010) The Artist – Michel Hazanavicius ve Thomas Langmann (2011) Les Misérables – Tom Hooper, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Debra Hayward, ve Cameron Mackintosh (2012) American Hustle – David O. Russell, Charles Roven, Megan Ellison, Richard Suckle, ve Jonathan Gordon (2013) The Grand Budapest Hotel – Wes Anderson, Jeremy Dawson, Steven Rales, ve Scott Rudin (2014) The Martian – Ridley Scott, Simon Kinberg, Michael Schaefer, Aditya Sood, ve Mark Huffam (2015) La La Land – Damien Chazelle, Fred Berger, Gary Gilbert, Jordan Horowitz, ve Marc Platt (2016) Lady Bird – Greta Gerwig, Eli Bush, Evelyn O'Neill, ve Scott Rudin (2017) Green Book – Peter Farrelly, Jim Burke, Charles B. Wessler, Brian Hayes Currie, ve Nick Vallelonga (2018) Once Upon a Time in Hollywood – Quentin Tarantino, David Heyman, ve Shannon McIntosh (2019)
2020'ler	Borat Subsequent Moviefilm – Jason Woliner, Sacha Baron Cohen, Monica Levinson, ve Anthony Hines (2020) West Side Story – Steven Spielberg, Kristie Macosko Krieger, ve Kevin McCollum (2021) The Banshees of Inisherin – Martin McDonagh, Graham Broadbent, ve Peter Czernin (2022) Poor Things – Ed Guiney, Yorgos Lanthimos, Andrew Lowe, ve Emma Stone (2023) Emilia Pérez - Jacques Audiard, Pascal Caucheteux, Valérie Schermann ve Anthony Vaccarello (2024)

g t d En İyi Yönetmen Altın Küre Ödülü
1943-1975	Henry King (1943) Leo McCarey (1944) Billy Wilder (1945) Frank Capra (1946) Elia Kazan (1947) John Huston (1948) Robert Rossen (1949) Billy Wilder (1950) László Benedek (1951) Cecil B. DeMille (1952) Fred Zinnemann (1953) Elia Kazan (1954) Joshua Logan (1955) Elia Kazan (1956) David Lean (1957) Vincente Minnelli (1958) William Wyler (1959) Jack Cardiff (1960) Stanley Kramer (1961) David Lean (1962) Elia Kazan (1963) George Cukor (1964) David Lean (1965) Fred Zinnemann (1966) Mike Nichols (1967) Paul Newman (1968) Charles Jarrott (1969) Arthur Hiller (1970) William Friedkin (1971) Francis Ford Coppola (1972) William Friedkin (1973) Roman Polanski (1974) Miloš Forman (1975)
1976-2000	Sidney Lumet (1976) Herbert Ross (1977) Michael Cimino (1978) Francis Ford Coppola (1979) Robert Redford (1980) Warren Beatty (1981) Richard Attenborough (1982) Barbra Streisand (1983) Miloš Forman (1984) John Huston (1985) Oliver Stone (1986) Bernardo Bertolucci (1987) Clint Eastwood (1988) Oliver Stone (1989) Kevin Costner (1990) Oliver Stone (1991) Clint Eastwood (1992) Steven Spielberg (1993) Robert Zemeckis (1994) Mel Gibson (1995) Miloš Forman (1996) James Cameron (1997) Steven Spielberg (1998) Sam Mendes (1999) Ang Lee (2000)
2001-günümüz	Robert Altman (2001) Martin Scorsese (2002) Peter Jackson (2003) Clint Eastwood (2004) Ang Lee (2005) Martin Scorsese (2006) Julian Schnabel (2007) Danny Boyle (2008) James Cameron (2009) David Fincher (2010) Martin Scorsese (2011) Ben Affleck (2012) Alfonso Cuarón (2013) Richard Linklater (2014) Alejandro G. Iñárritu (2015) Damien Chazelle (2016) Guillermo del Toro (2017) Alfonso Cuarón (2018) Sam Mendes (2019) Chloé Zhao (2020) Jane Campion (2021) Steven Spielberg (2022) Christopher Nolan (2023) Brady Corbet (2024)

g t d BAFTA En İyi İngiliz Filmi Ödülü (Yapımcı)
1940'lar	Odd Man Out – Carol Reed (1947) The Fallen Idol – Carol Reed (1948) The Third Man – Carol Reed (1949)
1950'ler	The Blue Lamp – Basil Dearden and Michael Balcon (1950) The Lavender Hill Mob – Charles Crichton ve Michael Balcon (1951) The Sound Barrier – David Lean (1952) Genevieve – Henry Cornelius (1953) Hobson's Choice – David Lean (1954) Richard III – Laurence Olivier (1955) Reach for the Sky – Lewis Gilbert ve Daniel M. Angel (1956) The Bridge on the River Kwai – David Lean ve Sam Spiegel (1957) Room at the Top – Jack Clayton, John ve James Woolf (1958) Sapphire – Basil Dearden ve Michael Relph (1959)
1960'lar	Saturday Night and Sunday Morning – Karel Reisz ve Tony Richardson (1960) A Taste of Honey – Tony Richardson (1961) Lawrence of Arabia – David Lean ve Sam Spiegel (1962) Tom Jones – Tony Richardson (1963) Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb – Stanley Kubrick (1964) The Ipcress File – Sidney J. Furie ve Harry Saltzman (1965) The Spy Who Came In from the Cold – Martin Ritt (1966) A Man for All Seasons – Fred Zinnemann (1967)
1990'lar	The Crying Game – Neil Jordan ve Stephen Woolley (1992) Shadowlands – Richard Attenborough ve Brian Eastman (1993) Shallow Grave – Danny Boyle ve Andrew MacDonald (1994) The Madness of King George – Nicholas Hytner, Stephen Evans, ve David Parfitt (1995) Secrets & Lies – Mike Leigh ve Simon Channing Williams (1996) Nil by Mouth – Gary Oldman, Luc Besson, ve Douglas Urbanski (1997) Elizabeth – Shekhar Kapur, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, ve Alison Owen (1998) East Is East – Damien O'Donnell ve Leslee Udwin (1999)
2000'ler	Billy Elliot – Stephen Daldry, Greg Brenman, ve Jon Finn (2000) Gosford Park – Robert Altman, Bob Balaban, ve David Levy (2001) The Warrior – Asif Kapadia ve Bertrand Faivre (2002) Touching the Void – Kevin Macdonald ve John Smithson (2003) My Summer of Love – Paweł Pawlikowski, Chris Collins, ve Tanya Seghatchian (2004) Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit – Steve Box, Nick Park, Bob Baker, Claire Jennings, ve David Sproxton (2005) The Last King of Scotland – Kevin Macdonald, Lisa Bryer, Andrea Calderwood, Peter Morgan, ve Charles Steel (2006) This Is England – Shane Meadows ve Mark Herbert (2007) Man on Wire – James Marsh ve Simon Chinn (2008) Fish Tank – Andrea Arnold, Kees Kasander, ve Nick Laws (2009)
2010'lar	The King's Speech – Tom Hooper, Iain Canning, Emile Sherman, ve Gareth Unwin (2010) Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy – Tomas Alfredson, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Bridget O'Connor, Robyn Slovo, ve Peter Straughan (2011) Skyfall – Sam Mendes, Barbara Broccoli, John Logan, Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and Michael G. Wilson (2012) Gravity – Alfonso Cuarón, Jonás Cuarón, ve David Heyman (2013) The Theory of Everything – James Marsh, Tim Bevan, Lisa Bruce, Eric Fellner, ve Anthony McCarten (2014) Brooklyn – John Crowley, Finola Dwyer, Nick Hornby, ve Amanda Posey (2015) I, Daniel Blake – Ken Loach, Paul Laverty, ve Rebecca O'Brien (2016) Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Martin McDonagh, Graham Broadbent, ve Peter Czernin (2017) The Favourite – Yorgos Lanthimos, Deborah Davis, Ceci Dempsey, Ed Guiney, Lee Magiday, ve Tony McNamara (2018) 1917 – Sam Mendes, Pippa Harris, Callum McDougall, Jayne-Ann Tenggren, ve Krysty Wilson-Cairns (2019)
2020'ler	Promising Young Woman – Emerald Fennell, Ben Browning, Ashley Fox, ve Josey McNamara (2020) Belfast – Kenneth Branagh, Laura Berwick, Becca Kovacik, ve Tamar Thomas (2021) The Banshees of Inisherin – Martin McDonagh, Graham Broadbent, ve Peter Czernin (2022) The Zone of Interest - Jonathan Glazer, James Wilson, ve Ewa Puszczyńska (2023)